Maslows Hierarchy Of Needs - Theory Of Human Motivation

Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs Theory

It was inwards 1943 a Psychologist Mr. Abraham Harold Maslow suggested his Theory of Human Motivation. His theory is 1 pop as well as extensively cited theory of motivation. Maslow's theory is based on the Hierarchy of Human Needs. According to Maslow, human conduct is related to his needs. It is adjusted as per the nature of needs to live satisfied. In hierarchy of needs theory, Maslow identified 5 types / sets of human require arranged inwards a hierarchy of their importance as well as priority. He concluded that when 1 laid upward of needs is satisfied, it ceases to live a motivating factor. Thereafter, the side past times side laid upward of needs inwards the hierarchy fellowship takes its place. These needs inwards hierarchy tin live compared to a pyramid. At the lowest level, in that location volition live showtime laid upward of needs which tin live described as basic needs as well as are universal inwards character. This volition live followed past times other sets of needs.

Assumptions inwards Hierarchy of Needs Theory

Maslow's Assumptions inwards Hierarchy of Needs Theory are :-

Man is a wanting being, i.e. his wants are growing continuously fifty-fifty when roughly wants are satisfied. Human needs are of varied as well as diversified nature. They tin live arranged inwards a hierarchy of importance progressing from a lower to a higher fellowship of needs.
Needs guide keep a definite hierarchy of importance. As shortly as needs on a lower marking are fulfilled, those on the side past times side marking volition emerge as well as demand satisfaction. This suggests that breadstuff (food) is essential as well as is a principal require of every individual. According to Maslow, "Man lives past times breadstuff lonely when in that location is no bread." However, he feels the other needs when his physiological needs are fulfilled. In brief, breadstuff is of import but human being does non alive past times breadstuff alone. There are other needs (security / safety, social, esteem as well as self actualisation which influence conduct of people (employees) to work. This is the basic characteristic of Maslow's require hierarchy. Attention to all human needs is essential for motivation of employees. Attention to the provision of breadstuff lonely is non adequate for motivating employees. Bread tin human activeness as motivating ingredient when in that location is no breadstuff but when it is available, its role as motivator comes to an end. Here, other motivators (e.g. security of job, social status, etc.) volition guide keep to live introduced for motivating employees. Attention to other needs such as security needs, social needs, esteem needs as well as self actualisation needs is as of import as well as essential for the motivation of unlike categories of employees. Maslow, inwards his theory, has referred to unlike needs as well as suggested that attending needs to live given to all such needs as attending to physiological needs lonely is non adequate for motivating employees. According to Maslow, "Man does non alive past times breadstuff alone". This decision of Maslow is a practical reality as well as needs to live given adequate attending piece motivating employees.
A satisfied require does non human activeness as a motivator.
As 1 require is satisfied, roughly other replaces it.

Maslow's Pyramid of Human Needs

Maslow's Pyramid of Human Needs is shown inwards the next diagram.

The Maslow's Pyramid of Human Needs is explained below :-

Physiological Needs : Physiological needs are the basic needs for sustaining human life. These needs include food, shelter, clothing, rest, air, water, slumber as well as sexual satisfaction. These basic human needs (also called biological needs) prevarication at the lowest marking inwards the hierarchy of needs as they guide keep priority over all other needs. These needs cannot live postponed for long. Unless as well as until these basic physiological needs are satisfied to the required extent, other needs produce non motivate an employee. Influenza A virus subtype H5N1 hungry person, for example, is simply non inwards a seat to mean value of anything else except his hunger or food. According to Maslow, 'man lives past times breadstuff alone,' when in that location is no bread. The management attempts to come across such physiological needs through fair wages.
Security / Safety Needs : These are the needs connected with the psychological fearfulness of loss of job, property, natural calamities or hazards, etc. An employee wants protection from such types of fear. He prefers adequate security or security inwards this see i.e. protection from physical danger, security of job, pension for onetime age, insurance encompass for life, etc. The security needs come upward afterward coming together the physiological needs. Such physiological needs lose their motivational potential when they are satisfied. As a result, security needs supersede them. They stimulate to manifest themselves as well as dominate human behavior. Safety needs human activeness as motivational forces only if they are unsatisfied.
Social Needs : An employee is a human beingness is rightly treated as a social animal. He desires to remain inwards group. He feels that he should belong to 1 or the other grouping as well as the fellow member of the grouping should bring him with dearest as well as affection. Every someone desires to live affiliated to such groups. This is treated as basic social require of an individual. He too feels that he should live loved past times the other members. He needs friends as well as interaction with his friends as well as superiors of the grouping such as swain employees or superiors. Social needs occupy tertiary seat inwards the hierarchy of needs.
Esteem Needs : This category of needs include the require to live respected past times others, require to live appreciated past times others, require to guide keep might as well as lastly prestigious position. Once the previous needs are satisfied, a someone feels to live held inwards esteem both past times himself as well as too past times others. Thus, esteem needs are 2 plication inwards nature. Self esteem needs include those for self confidence, self-respect, competence, etc. The minute groups of esteem needs are those related to one's status, reputation, recognition as well as appreciation past times others. This is a type of personal ego which needs to live satisfied. The Organisation tin satisfy this require (ego) past times giving recognition to the proficient move of employees. Esteem needs produce non assume the motivational properties unless the previous needs are satisfied.
Self-actualisation Needs : This is the highest with the needs inwards the hierarchy of needs advocated past times Maslow. Self actualisation is the wishing to move what 1 is capable of becoming. It is a 'growth' need. Influenza A virus subtype H5N1 worker must move efficiently if he is to live ultimately happy. Here, a someone feels that he should accomplish something inwards his fife. He wishing to utilize his potentials to the maximum extent as well as desires to move what 1 is capable of becoming. Influenza A virus subtype H5N1 someone desires to guide keep challenges as well as achieves something exceptional inwards his life or inwards the expanse of his specialization. Though every 1 is capable of self-actualization, many produce non make this stage. This require is fully satisfied rarely.

Limitations of Hierarchy of Needs Theory

Maslow's theory of motivation (Hierarchy of Needs Theory) is real pop all over the globe as well as provides guidelines to managers / managements for motivating employees. However, Maslow's theory has many limitations.

Limitations of Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs Theory are noted below :-

Maslow's theory is over simplified as well as is based on human needs only. There is lack of straightaway campaign as well as number human relationship betwixt require as well as behavior.
The theory has to refer to other motivating factors similar expectations, experience as well as perception.
Needs of all employees are non uniform. Many are satisfied only with physiological needs as well as security of employment.
The blueprint of hierarchy of needs as suggested past times Maslow may non live applicable uniformly to all categories of employees.
Maslow's supposition of 'need hierarchy' does non concord proficient inwards the nowadays historic current as each someone has enough of needs to live satisfied, which may non necessarily follow Maslow's require hierarchy.
Maslow's theory is widely accepted but in that location is petty empirical bear witness to back upward it. It is largely tentative as well as untested. His writings are to a greater extent than philosophical than scientific.

Importance of Hierarchy of Needs Theory

Although Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs Theory has been criticised on higher upward grounds, yet it holds many advantages or merits. It helps the managers to empathise the behaviour of their employees. It too helps the managers to furnish the correct fiscal as well as non-financial motivation to their employees. This overall helps to growth the efficiency, productivity as well as profitability of the organisation.